2. Why were the Jewish/Christians called Adoptionists?
Jewish/Christians were called “Adoptionists” because they believed that Jesus was “adopted” by God through his baptism. Jewish/Christians viewed Jesus as a non-divine man, albeit a very (the most?) righteous man. In other words, Jesus was not a God; if he were, there would be two Gods (against the Jewish Scriptures).
That's exactly right!
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